Hemostasis is the action of restricting or stopping blood flow due to a damaged vessel or organ. Hemostasis can be a complex process whose function is to limit blood loss from an injured vessel. Four main physiological events are involved in the hemostatic process: vasoconstriction, formation of platelet plugs, fiber information, and fibrinolysis. Although each tends to be activated, all four processes are interconnected so there is a continuum and multiple amplifications.A bleed grade of can be a normal part of most surgical procedures.Treating unexpected or uncontrolled bleeding can be a vital skill that a surgeon must acquire in order for hemostatic maneuvers to become a habit. Dampening blood loss intraoperatively is critical to preserve patient physiology and allow the surgeon to maintain a clear field. Primary bleeding can occur during surgery or as a result of non-iatrogenic traumatic injury. Good hemostasis in surgery can bring several benefits to the patient, the surgical team, the , and the care center. Active and passive hemostatic agents have been in widespread use for several years and have a long history supporting their safe and effective use in a variety of surgical procedures. The type of surgery, the nature of the bleeding, the availability of a hemostatic agent, and the characteristics of the patient affect the surgeon's choice of topical hemostatic agent. By actively participating in the coagulation cascade, active topical hemostats are better able to meet the requirements of a perfect hemostat for bleeding and minor bleeding during surgical procedures. Active ingredients are often used alone or in conjunction with passive active ingredients. Familiarity with the products used to achieve hemostasis and their preparation can facilitate optimal application by the surgical team. Topical agents are often effective as adjuncts to assisting hemostasis when bleeding is not controlled by the application of pressure can be controlled, vascular ligation or electrocautery. These complementary hemostatic treatments include topical gels, collagens, oxidized celluloses, thrombin and fibrin glues, synthetic glues and glutaraldehyde-based glues. extensively studied in large prospective randomized placebo-controlled trials. The effective use of topical agents is closely related to the experience or preference of the surgeon and their availability within the surgical setting.

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